What Is a Law Review and How Is It Important

You may have heard the term â€Å"Law Review† thrown around in popular movies like The Paper Chase and A Few Good Men, but what is it and why is having this phrase on your resume a benefit? What a Law Review Is   In the context of law school, a law review is an entirely student-run journal that publishes articles written by law professors, judges, and other legal professionals; many law reviews also publish shorter pieces written by law students called â€Å"notes† or â€Å"comments.† Most law schools have a â€Å"main† law review that features articles from a wide variety of legal subjects and often has â€Å"Law Review† in the title, for example, Harvard Law Review; this is the â€Å"Law Review† addressed in this article. In addition to Law Review, most schools also have several other law journals that each focus on one particular area of the law, such as the Stanford Environmental Law Journal or the Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy. Generally, students join Law Review in their second year of law school, although some schools also permit third-year students to try out for Law Review as well. Each school’s process for selecting Law Review staff differs, but many have a write-on competition at the close of first-year exams during which students are given a packet of material and are asked to write a sample note or comment within a specified time frame. An editing exercise is often required, as well. Some law reviews offer invitations to participate based solely on first-year grades, while other schools use a combination of grades and write-on competition results to select members. Those who accept invitations  will become law review staff members. Law review staff members are responsible for cite checking—making sure that statements are supported with authority in footnotes and also that the footnotes are in the correct Bluebook form. Editors for the following year are selected by the current year’s editorial staff, usually through an application and interview process. Editors oversee the running of the law review, from selecting the articles to assigning work to staff members; there is often no faculty involvement at all. Why You Should Want to Get on Law Review The biggest reason that you should try to get on law review is that employers, particularly large law firms and judges selecting law clerks, love to interview students who have participated in Law Review, especially as an editor. Why? Because students on Law Review have spent many hours doing precisely the kind of in-depth, meticulous legal research and writing that is required of attorneys and law clerks. A potential employer who sees Law Review on your resume knows that you have been through rigorous training, and will likely think that you are intelligent and have a strong work ethic, eye for detail, and excellent writing skills. But Law Review can be useful even if you don’t plan on working in a big law firm or dont plan on clerking, particularly if you plan to pursue an academic legal career. Law Review can give you a great start on the road to becoming a law professor, not only because of the editing experience but also through the opportunity of having your own note or comment published. On a more personal level, participating in Law Review can also provide a support system as you and the other members are going through the same things at the same time. And you also might even enjoy reading the submitted articles and getting to know the Bluebook in and out. Serving on Law Review requires an enormous time commitment, but for most members, the benefits greatly outweigh any negative aspects.

Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and the Evolution of...

Darwin’s theory of natural selection has provided us with the explanations of the processes involved in the changes of species over long periods of time. His theory was based on five major assumptions: VARIATION: When Individuals within a species differ from one another in physical characteristics and in their behaviour. HERITABILITY: Some of the variations amongst the members of species is inherited, meaning that the offspring tend to resemble their parents more than the other members of the species. COMPETITION: Members of most species produce far more offspring than can survive. If there weren’t problems with survival Darwin figured out that a pair of elephants could have about 19†¦show more content†¦However there are reasons to why some aspects of behaviour seem to change more than others during evolution (Grier +Burke). Any behaviour that allows the most effective way to use the available resources around them (eg. Bigger jaws for eating whole animals)giving the individual a quick advantage increasing reproductive success. A behaviour which will give an individual a competitive edge will likely lead them to a rapid evolution (eg. A strong male who wins all his competitions will have the right to impregnate the female allowing his genes to be perpetuated). A behaviour that is used with respect to other members of the same species (eg. Courtship or communication) is likely to show evolutionary change as this will impress prospective mates due to the large be nefits the successful behaviour brings. Lastly theShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1173 Words   |  5 Pages It is time to start believing. Evolutionary theories were first proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, and 150 years later, these ideas are still being studied and proven today. Charles Darwin set the basis for these discoveries. Natural Selection and survival of the fittest are two examples of evolution. 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Operations of Ward Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operations of Ward Management. Answer: Introduction: The study deals with the operations of ward management in Yashoda hospital. This hospital is one of the renowned hospitals in India. The hospital has its headquarters in Hyderabad[1]. Starting from the background of the hospital, the various operations of ward management in the hospital is the part of the discussion. The objective of the ward management operations is to provide the best facility and patient care service. It includes providing patient centered care, provision of atmosphere that promotes quick healing and prevent infections, accidents and medical errors. The paper will discuss the operation strategy of the hospital, process layout, inventory management, material requirement planning and scheduling of the management activities. Ward management is important to ensure availability of adequate equipments and supplies. It helps to clear shortages, defects in the equipments, check supplies, and ensure safe handling of materials. Ward management is required for continuous improvement of the patient unit that includes orientation, comfort ability of the patient, food system, and patient care. The wardroom management is important for proper categorization of the wardrooms, allocation of rooms or beds to the patients, maintenance of the wardroom status, tracking of patient information and preparing discharge information and maintenance of the handover details[2]. Background of the hospital Dr. G. Surender Rao established Yashoda hospital in Hyderabad, in 1989. It has many branches in different parts of India. The hospital extends its services upto south Asia. This hospital has three independent branches. The total number of beds in the hospital is 1750 with three heart institutes. The employee strength is 2200, where 700 comprise of specialized doctors and 1500 comprise of nurses. Te hospital offers offer 24X7 services on emergency. The hospital is known for best quality patient care. As per the WEEK- NELSON survey of the best hospitals 2015, Yashoda hospitals rank number one in Hyderabad[3]. The hospital is an education hub and offers wide range of specialty courses in medical research and education. The hospital is attached with the college and the nursing school. The hospital has set a benchmark in 28 years[4]. It has efficiently used technology in patients management and for availability of necessary equipments in every ward room. The hospital provided excellent accommodation (rooms, beds, food and pharmacy). The hospital also has facility of standard private room, VIP suite (separate living and dining room etc), shared rooms (2 beds), standard private rooms, spacious intensive care units with special critical care beds. For convenience of the patients and visitors the hospitals provides 24 hours Automated Teller Machine[5]. Operation Strategy: Efficiency vs. Responsiveness of Yashoda Hospital: The main purpose of the operation strategy of the Yashoda hospital is to ensure that all the resources that are available with the organization are used in proper manner to provide full assistance to the patients. It is common for all healthcare organization to face the operational management challenge to deal with the issues of resource management and patient satisfaction. Effective operational management is one of the best ways that can help to improve upon the efficiency and responsiveness of the hospital towards the needs of the patients[6]. The overall efficiency of the operational activity of the Yashoda hospital has been improving due to the strict level of working protocol that the hospital follows. Moreover, being one of the top super-specialty hospitals of its region, it is essential for the hospital groups to provide efficient and high level of medical care with the help of 24/7 emergency medical service. In the recent days, few of the important issues that are encountered by the health care organization is due to the limited budget and increased cost of the healthcare, which are the matters of economic crisis in the hospitality industry. Application of the process flow solution is one of the best ways to manage with the operational activity of the hospital that has also helped to improve upon the reputation of the organization[7]. With the help of this process in the management activities, it is possible for the organization to reduce the overall time that is spent by individual patients for getting treatment. He nce, it can be said that with reduced time that is needed, it is possible for the organization to improve upon the overall responsive time. The efficiency of the organization also depends on its ability to deal with accurate needs of the patients. The Yashoda group has to control wide number of hospitals and has to manage the resource effectively that will help them to properly manage the resources and also hospital working staffs. Effective calculation methods has been applied that can ultimately help to improve upon the overall rate of profit for the organization. The model of process flow that is being incorporated that can ultimately help to deal with the process of increasing the efficiency of the hospital groups that can help them to make use of the recourses that are allocated to the organization[8]. The principal of Lean production is one of the effective techniques that the hospital applies in the healthcare department that can help to deal with the overall challenge of lower productivity within the centre. One of the effective processes of the dealing with that of the less variability and limited resources within the organization is to make use of the concepts related to the Just-in-time (JIT)[9]. With the help of this JIT principal, it is possible to improve upon the overall time that is needed to deal with the operational management activity. This can ultimately help to deal with the labor force that is needed in the overall management activity with the operational function[10]. One of the main factors that has allowed the Yashoda hospital group to be one of the most effective and improved healthcare organization of the region is due to the fact that they have less waiting time for the patient within the emergency department. This can ultimately help to improve upon the rate of patient flow within the organization. The overall time taken for discharge of the patient is also one of the essential components that can help to decide upon the efficiency and responsiveness of the hospital. Maintenance of the operation ward and schedule for the doctors Yashoda hospital currently has 15 specialist surgeons, who operate in the operation theater. The hospital also has five operation theaters. The hospital currently maintains a fixed schedule that helps them to deal with the pressure and the challenge of the work schedule that the management of the hospital maintains. Doctors Operation theater 1 Monday, Tuesday Operation theater 2 Monday, Thursday, Friday Operation theater 3 Tuesday and Thursday Operation theater 4 Saturday Operation theater 5 Wednesday Neurosurgeon Cardiac Surgeon Orthopedic Surgeon Nephrologists Gynecological Surgeon General Surgeon Thoracic surgeon Colon and Rectal Surgeon Gnat Chart Nurse Resource Management The purpose of the nursing resource management is to deal with the cost of the between the overall quality of staffing and the decisions that are being implemented within the ward of the hospital. It is possible to provide the best quality of nursing care for the Yashoda hospital with the help of proper allocation of the nursing resource. Nurse resource planning is an area of interest for management decisions and an appropriate model of resource planning would be required for achieving the desired quantity and quality of skilled personnel in the specific nurse job positions at the time they are needed. The Human Resource Planning model to be applied to Yashoda hospital would be based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Yashoda hospital can be affected by a number of social, economic and regulatory variables while undertaking resource allocation; these perspectives suggest that the use of a modeling methodology like AHP. The AHP model would yield priorities for factors and a human resource forecast of changes in demand and supply of nursing staff. The AHP is a flexible model that has been found to be effective in decision-making aand planning environments. It offers the ability to structure the issue in a hierarchal form as viewed by the decision makers. The method can be used for either objective or subjective ev aluation, permitting consideration of qualitative factors. AHP is known to be a structured method for organizing and analyzing decisions that are complex in nature. Once the hierarchy of nurses is built, the decision makers would systematically evaluate the different elements by undertaking a rigorous comparison. While making the comparisons, they would use the data for coming to a decision. The essence of this model is that human judgments can be used for undertaking the whole planning process[11]. It is essential for the hospital to plan for the resources that can be used for the efficient resources. In the context of the present days, the hospitals are effective while increasing the efficiency of the labor that can help them to reduce the overall cost and expenditure. The hospitals have also aimed to improve upon the nursing effective ability of the nursing labor that can be achieved by properly using the statistical records of the nurses. This can ultimately help them to allocate the duty of the nurses according to their past records and performance. The nursing cost and quality is one of the major issues that have been encountered by most of the hospitals in the recent days. Hence, with the use of the statistical model, which is a part of the quantitative model of nursing, it is possible to make optimum use of the resources. It can be also said in the context that most of the resources within the nursing department needs to have the ability to maintain the nursing staffs an d also the equipments that are needed within the hospital management[12]. Process Layout of Yashoda Hospital Being one of the reputed hospitals of the local region, it is important for the Yashoda hospital to use effective flow process that can help to reduce the overall time that is needed to complete the overall process of treatment. Soon after the patient gets admitted, the present working staff within the hospital will record all the medical data of the patient. The information related to the diagnosis of the patient can help the workers to decide upon the total time that will be needed to discharge of the patient. The patient is then kept under treatment, using the fixed protocol of system that is decided by the management groups of the hospital. After the patient is being admitted in the hospital, it is possible for the physicians conduct effective physical assessment and multidisciplinary history, which is done with the assistance of the nurse. The detail information related to the time of discharge of the patient is also kept within the record that also includes the information related to the decisions that are needed during the time of crisis. The final section of the process layout consists of the functional assessment that can help to decide upon the overall future plan for any particular patient depending upon their situation. The use of the AHP model is also one of the useful methods that have been adopted by the hospital to implement the crucial decisions taken from the side of the management. In order to implement the model, the hospital has to fix upon their organizational goal. This will help the hospital to select their leader or manager depending upon their individual experience. The decisions that are implemented by the hospital are done after careful consideration and consultation with all the members of the management. In order to have effective management system within the overall hospital, it is important to follow the hierarchical system of order to deal with the overall complex management system. The performance of each of the workers can also be evaluated with the help of the Analytic hierarchy process. The Yashoda Hospital has implemented the AHP model that has helped them to monitor the performance at all levels of the healthcare hospital. The model has also helped to suggest ways to impro ve the overall working capability at each level within the healthcare unit. As one of the patients is discharged early, it is subsequently possible for the hospital to provide admission for the subsequent patients and is thereby possible for the hospital to provide with effective healthcare service to the society. The protocol of the hospital also allow the patient to provide their feedback that can help to improve upon the overall service quality of the hospital service. Inventory Management of Yashoda Hospital The management of the Yashoda hospital uses the techquies of Just-in-time (JIT) methods that can help to deal with the overall customer demands and to improve upon the level of profit for the hospital. There are various parameters within the JIT that can help the hospital to optimize the overall cost effective ratio of incoming and to optimize the level of profit within the organization[13]. Purchasing cost: The cost of per bed is Rs. 10000 with the current purchasing methods and JIT purchasing. Ordering cost: The cost of per order is Rs. 15000 for both purchasing methods. Opportunity cost: The management of the hospital has decided upon the 10% rate of return of investment that can be applied for both capital and inventory purchases. This amount accounts for the minimum amount of requirement that is needed to be invested. This parameter is the measurement of overall cash flow of the hospital that can help to decide upon the profit level. Average inventory: This can be defined as the average inventory value that can be achieved within a certain period of time. Average inventory divided by 2 can help to calculate the overall inventory sales percentage that can be calculated under the principles of JIT. Carrying cost: This parameter includes the cost of insurance and storage of per unit of bed. Total carrying cost in this case is Rs. 1000 per unit. Total cost Current JIT Purchasing cost Cost Unit Rs. 10,000 100 Rs. 100,000 100,0000 Ordering cost Cost Order Rs. 15,000/order 100 Rs. 150,000 Rs. 15,000/order 1,000 Rs. 150,0000 Opportunity cost Cost Inventory 10% Rs. 10,000/ unit 100 Rs 160,000 10% Rs. 10,000/ unit 15 Rs. 160,000 Carrying cost Cost Inventory Rs. 1000/ unit Rs.1000 Rs 100,000 Rs 1000/unit Rs 100 Rs. 1,000 Total Cost Rs. 510,000 Rs. 436,000 Hence, it can be said that the overall cost JIT and with its application, it is possible or the hospital to save Rs.74, 000 in the overall expenditure. Safety stock management is also one of the important parts of the resource allocation that has helped the Yashoda Hospital to deal and fulfill the needs of the patients. The stocks that are maintained during the time of emergency can help in dealing with the critical cases. The method of LIFO (Last in First out) is one of the effective ways that has helped the hospital management to operate with the available resources that are available. With the help of the LIFO methods, the hospital is able to clear out their older stocks of medicine and thereby ensure that there is no loss of resources encountered by the hospital. Few of the important stocks that include the equipments and medicine needed during the time of emergency service at the hospital ward. Allocation of the bed for the patient is also one of the essential tasks that are decided upon by assessing the condition of the patient during the time of admission. There are over 500 general beds and almost 100 ICCU beds. It is important for the care workers and nurses to ensure all the beds are equipped with most of the essential equipments like oxygen and saline water supply. The following gnat chart has been uses to represent all forms of activities are the part of the nursing activities: Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Policy making Involvement of nurse in the formulation of the policies Strategic planning for allocation of nursing workforce Fixing of the duty hours of nurse Financing of the resources Nursing resource allocation Fixing up the medicinal resources Material requirement Planning Material requirement planning refers to the production planning,scheduling, andinventory control system. Material requirement planning can be conducted by hand however; in some cases, software system is used[14]. In short, it is the scientific technique to control the flow of the materials form their purchase to its use by patients or any other destination. It is the new concept in the health industry. It was developed during Second World War in USA[15]. This scientific technique helped to make excellent progress in productivity. This concept was introduced in India during sixties. This technique was proved to facilitate efficient patient care. Material planning in hospital is important as huge amount of money is invested on materials. Further, there is growing number of complex medical and non-medical items, lack of better availability, and maintenance of cod chains for vaccines[16]. Yashoda hospital conducts material requirement planning with the aim to ensure right quantity of supplies and of right quality at lowest possible cost. It intends to maintain a continuous supply of the hospital materials, ensure high inventory turnover, avoid wastage, and reduce the capital and recurring expenditure. A sample material planning is given below- For example the estimation of vaccines and logistics for pregnant women will include- The headcount of the pregnant women in the given ward multiplied by the total number of wards will give the total number of pregnant women. Knowing the annual target one can estimate the monthly target dividing by 12. The result can be multiplied by 2, to know the beneficiaries per month. The result can be multiplied with 1.33 and then dividing by 10 give the requirements for vaccine vial. The initial steps to identify the material requirements are- Identifying the required items- to ensure that the hospital have the essential drugs as mentioned in the WHOs guidelines. These drugs are considered indispensable for the health needs Estimation of demand- it includes estimating the future demand of a particular item. There may be a change or fluctuations in requirement. Estimating the future demand means to notice the time trend over period of two three years[17]. Purchase of required material as per the demand and procurement- Yashoda hospital has purchase policy that allows effective decision-making. Purchase procurement is the strategic activity for acquisition of materials for consumption and delivery of services. Yashoda hospital is engaged in centralised purchasing. It minimises the cost due to enabled quality control. Inspection and quality control for maintenance, repairs, and condemnation. The aim of inspection is to ensure compliance to the ISO standards of quality. The hospital purchases materials that bear such certification. It will eliminate the unethical practice of supplies. Goods are tested after the purchase and evaluated for its function. The role of the quality control inspector is to prepare a detailed material receipt note[18]. Appropriate storage of materials- The Yashoda hospital has several spacious rooms for separate storage of the medical and non-medical items. This place is free from rodents. All the drugs are arranged in alphabetical order. These drugs are then placed in the respective ward as per the patients condition and prescription. The Material requirement planning is based on the below given formulation. It is the optimal control problem. In the above given equation x refer to local inventory, (state) zthe order size- control, dis local demand, c is the variable order cots k is the fixed order costs, h is the local inventory holding costs and () is theHeaviside function[19]. Conclusion In the conclusion statement, it can be said that with the help of effective operational strategic management, it is possible for the Yashoda hospital to provide with effective healthcare service to the society. Th 3e effectiveness of the hospital groups is increased due to the fact that they are able to provide with swift service to the patient and their family. This also decreased the overall responsive time for the patient and they are able to discharge the patient in much shorter period of time. The hospital also follows a certain process protocol that helps them to ensure that the overall process of admission of the patient and their discharge can be done effectively so that the overall time of patient treatment can be reduced significantly. With the help of effective inventory planning and material requirement planning, it is possible for the hospital group to improve upon their business profit level. One of the most effective ways that the hospital applies in the inventory management is the process of Just-in-time that can help them to save money for the process of expenditure. References: "Critical Care At Yashoda Hospital."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017. "Yashoda Hospitals."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017. Baum, Richard, Dimitris Bertsimas, and Nathan Kallus. "Scheduling, revenue management, and fairness in an academic-hospital radiology division."Academic radiology21.10 (2014): 1322-1330. Chaudhuri, Jaydip Ray, et al. "Clinical outcome of Guillain-Barr syndrome with various treatment methods and cost effectiveness: A study from tertiary care center in South India: Yashoda GBS Registry."Neurology Asia19.3 (2014). Haux, Reinhold, et al.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Heizer, Jay.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India, 2016. Kerzner, Harold.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Langabeer II, James R., and Jeffrey Helton.Health care operations management. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2015. Langabeer II, James R., and Jeffrey Helton.Health care operations management. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2015. Motaghi, Monika, et al. "Optimization of Hospital Layout through the Application of Heuristic Technique (Diamond Algorithm) in Shafa Hospital (2009)."International Journal of Management and Business Research1.3 (2011): 133-138. Odell, Mandy. "Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice."Journal of clinical nursing24.1-2 (2015): 173-182. Ptak, Carol, and Chad Smith.Orlicky's Material Requirements Planning 3/E. McGraw Hill Professional, 2011. Uthayakumar, R., and S. Priyan. "Pharmaceutical supply chain and inventory management strategies: optimization for a pharmaceutical company and a hospital."Operations Research for Health Care2.3 (2013): 52-64. Wagner, C., et al. "The use of on-site visits to assess compliance and implementation of quality management at hospital level."International Journal for Quality in Health Care26.suppl_1 (2014): 27-35. Wu, Ing-Long, and Pi-Jung Hsieh. "Understanding hospital innovation enabled customer-perceived quality of structure, process, and outcome care."Total Quality Management22.2 (2011): 227-241. "Yashoda Hospitals."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017. Odell, Mandy. "Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice."Journal of clinical nursing24.1-2 (2015): 173-182 "Yashoda Hospitals."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017 Chaudhuri, Jaydip Ray, et al. "Clinical outcome of Guillain-Barr syndrome with various treatment methods and cost effectiveness: A study from tertiary care center in South India: Yashoda GBS Registry."Neurology Asia19.3 (2014). "Critical Care At Yashoda Hospital."www.yashodahospitals.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 July 2017. Langabeer II, James R., and Jeffrey Helton.Health care operations management. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2015. Haux, Reinhold, et al.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Wu, Ing-Long, and Pi-Jung Hsieh. "Understanding hospital innovation enabled customer-perceived quality of structure, process, and outcome care."Total Quality Management22.2 (2011): 227-241 Motaghi, Monika, et al. "Optimization of Hospital Layout through the Application of Heuristic Technique (Diamond Algorithm) in Shafa Hospital (2009)."International Journal of Management and Business Research1.3 (2011): 133-138. Uthayakumar, R., and S. Priyan. "Pharmaceutical supply chain and inventory management strategies: optimization for a pharmaceutical company and a hospital."Operations Research for Health Care2.3 (2013): 52-64 Heizer, Jay.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India, 2016 Rondeau, Kent V., and Terry H. Wagar. "Human resource management practices and nursing turnover." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 6.10 (2016): 101. Baum, Richard, Dimitris Bertsimas, and Nathan Kallus. "Scheduling, revenue management, and fairness in an academic-hospital radiology division."Academic radiology21.10 (2014): 1322-1330. Heizer, Jay.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India, 2016. Kerzner, Harold.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Langabeer II, James R., and Jeffrey Helton.Health care operations management. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2015. Odell, Mandy. "Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice."Journal of clinical nursing24.1-2 (2015): 173-182. Wagner, C., et al. "The use of on-site visits to assess compliance and implementation of quality management at hospital level."International Journal fo Quality in Health Care26.suppl_1 (2014): 27-35. Ptak, Carol, and Chad Smith.Orlicky's Material Requirements Planning 3/E. McGraw Hill Professional, 2011.

What Ways Did The Liberal Government Implement Soc Essay Example For Students

What Ways Did The Liberal Government Implement Soc Essay ial And Welfare Reforms1906-1911 Bring About Conflict With The House of Lords?Between the years of 1906 and 1911, the Asquith led Liberal Governmenttried to implement a number of reforms. The majority of these reforms metopposition in the House of Lords. It appeared that everything the LiberalParty tried to implement was rejected almost without reason by theConservative majority in the Lords. The Conservative Party was at the timeled by Balfour, relations with Ireland were strained and Europe itself wasunstable. Society had become eager for new reforms to be introduced and theidea of the slightly more radical Liberal government bringing about thechanges excited the majority of the British public. OThe Liberal government was elected in 1906 and won with a large majority. We will write a custom essay on What Ways Did The Liberal Government Implement Soc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now With support from the Irish Nationalist Party and the Labour Party it hadcontrol of the democratically elected House of Commons. However, the Houseof Lords in 1906 had 591 members of which 561 were hereditary peers. Twothirds of the peers were Conservatives. This gave the Conservatives apermanent handle on the direction of the country. Since as early as 1890,the Liberals had been unhappy with the state of constitution inBritain.cobg bgr sebgbgw orbg bgk inbg fobg bg. In 1906 the Education Bill and the Plural Voting Bill passed through theCommons with relative ease, both Bills however were rejected by the Lordsand as such couldnt become law. There appeared to be nothing that theLiberals could do to counter the House of Lords actions. When in 1908 theLords rejected the Licensing Bill, designed to cut down the number ofPublic Houses, which were seen to be a large cause of Poverty in Britain atthe time, Campbell-Bannerman fumed and warned the Lords that if theycontinued to reject all the reforms set by the Liberals then he would takemeasures to reduce their powers. However, the Liberals managed to squeezethe Old Age Pensions Bill through the Lords, as it was a Finance Bill, thebill meant that a larger majority of the elderly could qualify for a statepension.coae aer seaeaew orae aek inae foae ae!It appeared as if the Lords were putting their own interests first, aheadof the interests of the millions of people they were meant to berepresenting. They w ere supposed to be the Watchdog of the Constitution butin reality they were the watchdogs of their own self interests. They wereusing their majority in the Lords to veto any Bill the could or wouldaffect them. This caused a threat to democracy, how was it right thathereditary peers in the Lords could veto a Bill introduced by thedemocratically elected Ministers in the Commons? It could be argued thatwhat the Lords werent necessarily looking after their own self-interestsbut in fact the interests of the Conservative Party and its leader Balfour. The Lords were classed as Balfours Poodle as opposed to being theWatchdog of the Constitution.cogd gdr segdgdw orgd gdk ingd fogd gd;This leads to a Peers vs People debate. The majority of people in Britainfelt that the government werent able to do their job properly because ofthe Lords constant interventions. A debate raged as to whether themillions of people who made up Britain should have more of a say over thedirection of their country than the 600 Lords. It could be argued thoughthat some of the reforms were deliberately risqu in an attempt toinfuriate the Conservatives, with the Liberals knowing that in alllikeliness the Bills would be rejected. There is more evidence to suggestthis when Lloyd George announced the Budget of 1909. The budget wasdesigned to raise an extra 15 million to pay for pensions, labourexchanges and dreadnoughts. The Budget was aimed to make to rich pay tosupport to the poor. It was labelled the Peoples Budget and wasguaranteed to infuriate the Conservativ e Party. The Liberals knew thatthere was very little chance that the Lords would reject the bill for thesingle fact that it was a finance bill. Finance Bills were traditionallynot vetoed by the House of Lords, amended maybe but never rejected. TheConservatives called it the beginnings of socialism, it would affect allthose who would traditionally vote for the Conservatives (the land ownersand the wealthy) and would benefit all those who would traditionally votefor the Liberals. chinkyboots, please do not redistribute this writing. Wework very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respectit for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this writingelsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanentlybanned. Much to the surprise of just about everyone, the Lords rejected the budget. In reality this meant that the government was paralysed and could do nospending and could not collect any taxes. One of the Conservative leadersLord Lansdowne defended the decision by proclaiming that such arevolutionary budget should be put before the public in the form of ageneral election. Lansdowne may have been confident that the Conservativeswould win the election and regain control of the country. This move plungedthe Constitution into crisis, possibly what Lloyd George wanted all along. Although this is unlikely as the money for the reforms needed to begenerated from somewhere, taxing the rich was a sure fire way of securingthese extra funds. Marx oppressed chinkybootss rationalisation . In January 1910 a general election was held to decide the budget it wasclassed as the Peers vs People election. Although the Liberals lost over100 seats they retained their majority and so stayed in power, they had ofcourse the support of the Labour party and the Irish Nationalists. In April1910 the commons passed the Parliament Bill that would dramatically reducethe powers of the House of Lords. However the next day the Lords passed thePeoples Budget mainly in the hope that the Liberals would not continue topush through with Parliament Bill. It took another general election and theintervention of King Edward VII and King George V before the ParliamentBill was finally passed and the Lords powers greatly and significantlyreduced. The Lords could no longer reject a bill for more than three terms,if they did it would automatically become law. The constitutional crisiswas seemingly over.cogf gfr segfgfw orgf gfk ingf fogf gf. The time that passed between 1906 and 1911 saw constant competition betweenthe Conservative party and the Liberal party that all revolved around theissue of power. Both parties wanted control and the Conservatives saw theLords as their way of keeping a lid on the supposedly explosive reforms andideas of the liberal party. What brought about the most conflict was thesimple fact that nearly all the Liberal reforms affected the rich andbenefited the poor or the elderly. The Conservatives labelled thisSocialism, but on the other hand you could call say that the Lords wereabusing their power, destroying democracy and attempting to dictate thecountry. Democracy didnt truly reign until the Lords powers were greatlyreduced in 1911. This essay from www.coursework.infoPerhaps it is true that the clever leadership of Asquith backed up by LloydGeorge did deliberately set out to bring about the crisis safe in theknowledge that with the Labour party and Irish Nationalist party backingthey would al most certainly win any election and would in the end reachtheir goal of dissolving the powers the powers of the House of Lords. MaybeBalfour and Lord Lansdowne thought that by forcing General Election afterGeneral Election and Constitutional Crisis they might have been able tosneak a victory and regain the leadership of the country, this would haveput an end to the crisis and the Lords powers would have been intact. Either way the passing of the Parliament Bill ended the serious conflictbetween the Lords and the Commons as the Lords could no longer reject outright a Bill, they could merely delay it. AqkuNfA0 Visit coursework eb ineb fo eb for eb more coursework eb Do eb not eb redistribute AqkuNfA0Why Did The Attempt To Reform The Constitution In 1910-11 Succeed?coee eerseeeeew oree eek inee foee ee;In 1911 the Liberal Government passed the Parliament Bill through both theCommons and the House of Lords. The bill reduced the powers of the Lords tosuch an extent that they could only reject a bill twice before itautomatically became law. This was a huge progression in how Britain wasgoverned. More than ever the country was democratic and the reforms of thedemocratically appointed ministers could only be delayed. This change inconstitution took place over the years of 1910 and 1911, but the mainquestion that remained was why did the Lords pass a bill that would all butcripple their political powers? There was a clear sequence of events thatled up to the Lords letting the bill pass through and thus reducing theirpowers.cobg bgr sebgbgw orbg bgk inbg fobg bg. Perhaps the main reason that the Liberals were able to reform theconstitution was the fact that they had a very powerful leadership. Asquithand Lloyd George were both superb public speakers. Lloyd George especiallywas a very strong speaker who was full of ideas, he knew how to put hisideas in to practice. He was a clever man and alongside Asquith made theLiberal party look the stronger of the two. The Liberal party had unitedand were together with the vision of a common goal. On the other hand,Balfour didnt come across as a great leader and there appeared to be adivision in the Conservative party, more so than ever when the House ofLords split over the Peoples Budget in 1911.cocd cdr secdcdw orcd cdkincd focd cd;The Conservatives in 1911 were split as whether or not to pass theParliament Bill through the House of Lords. They knew the Lords powerswould be reduced if they did pass through the Bill, but if they did notthey would face the introduction of 500 new liberal peers. Balfour fa iledto unite his party and the Lords split into three groups. The Hedgers,the Ditchers and the Rats. The Ditchers were totally opposed to theBill, the Hedgers thought it best that their powers be cut than to losttheir majority, the Rats however few and far between were in favour of thebill. It was this split that led to the Parliament Bill pass through theLords in 1911, 131 votes to 114. Many of the Lords abstained from voting. This hypothesis from www.coursework.infoIt was the involvement of the Monarchy that led to the split though. In themidst of constitutional crisis in 1910, the Commons passed the ParliamentBill, the Lords countered and passed the infamous Peoples Budget the nextday. The move to allow the budget was not good enough for Asquith and LloydGeorge though as Asquith tried to persuade King Edward VII to create 250new Liberal Peers to give the Liberals the majority in the House of Lords. King Edward agreed but declared that it depended on the out come of ageneral election; what would be the second of the year. When Edward diedsuddenly in May 1910 the new king, George V didnt want a majorconstitutional crisis so early on in his reign so tried to organise aConstitutional Conference. The Liberals and the Conservatives could notagree and so the problem went to the General Election first proposed byEdward VII before his untimely death. The Liberals won the election, onceagain with the help of Labour and the Irish Nationalists and stayed inpower.cobe ber sebebew orbe bek inbe fobe be. The success here though depended on Labour and the Irish Nationalists, thegap in the majority between the Conservatives and the Liberals had shrunkdramatically in the last three elections and now held an equal number ofseats. Without Labour and the Irish Nationalists the Conservatives may wellhave won the election, gained control and the whole reform of theconstitution would have been scrapped or at least delayed for a substantialperiod of time. This throws into doubt the claim that the Liberals had amuch stronger leadership than their counterparts as the Conservatives hadclawed back a large number of seats since 1906. However the fact that theLiberals kept control shows that the people voted in favour of reform.codadar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da;The fact that people wanted reform must have been the main reason behindGeorge V proclaiming that if the Parliament Bill did not go through theLords then he would have no choice but to create up to 500 new Liberalpeers. This left the Cons ervative party with a dilemma of epic proportions. Do they give into the threat of King George or run the risk of theintroduction of 500 new peers and see their majority in the Lordsdisappear. It can be argued that they were left with no choice but to passthe bill, they were put into a corner by King George and it was a case ofthe Lords voting for what would be less damaging over a long period oftime. It wouldnt be so disastrous to lose some power in the lords if itmeant they kept their majority. The Conservatives knew that having aliberal majority in both the Commons and the Lords would leave the countryopen for more radical reforms and perhaps a greater sense of socialism.cocdcdr secdcdw orcd cdk incd focd cd. What started the ball rolling in the first place was the budget of 1909,labelled the Peoples Budget. The had the Conservatives reeling. Theseeds of socialism were being sown in the budget as Lloyd George wanted tointroduce higher taxes for the land owners and the wealthy. It served as acatalyst for constitutional crisis. The fact that the Lords rejected thebudget meant the question of how much power should the lords have? wasraised. The whole constitution had become stale and was in need of change,there should have no way that the Lords could veto the Budget, if all theLords were democratically selected then maybe, but the fact that at thetime about 550 of the Lords were hereditary meant they should have verylittle power, if any. It could be this reason that first Edward VII andGeorge V threatened to introduce new liberal peers. There was no other wayfor the Liberals to make the system more democratic and fair.cogc gcrsegcgcw orgc gck ingc fogc gc. From the events highlighted above, the main reason behind the attempt toreform the constitution succeeding in 1910-11 was the involvement andintervention of the monarchy. Had the monarchy not interfered in the debatethen the constitutional crisis may have continued for a substantial periodof time. The monarchy like stated earlier, put the Lords and theConservatives as a whole into a corner. They had very little choice in theend but to pass the Parliament Bill. The Liberals did very well in gettingthe monarchy involved and perhaps for deliberately antagonising theConservatives with bills they knew the Lords would reject, finallyculminating in the 1909 Budget. Whether or not it was all a plan orconspiracy it will never be known, but the passing of the Parliament Actleft the Conservative party both defeated and divided, in the words of EwenGreen Having entered the fray in 1909 with enthusiasm and high hopes, theConservative party emerged defeated and in disarray,To What Extent did the L iberal Partys Reforms After 1906 Succeed inAddressing Britains Social Problems?In 1906, the liberal partys general election manifesto spoke of theprevious conservatives governments failure to deal in a serious spiritwith the social questions of which so much was heard at the generalelection of 1895 (liberal manifesto 1906 at www.politicalstuff.co.uk) . .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .postImageUrl , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:hover , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:visited , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:active { border:0!important; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:active , .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39c5129c417ad97628bade234ba51b8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts of Speech Essay PaperThis essay will attempt to answer the question of whether the liberalswere successful in dealing with the social problems of the time, which theconservatives were deemed to have neglected.cogc gcr segcgcw orgc gck ingcfogc gc. In order to effectively answer this question, first one must realiseexactly what were the social problems in early Edwardian Britain:- It canbe said that there was no single massive problem; more a number of smallerinterrelated problems, for example unemployment, poor health and anoutdated system of relief. These problems were deemed so serious that theywere thought to be effecting both the home economy and the security of theempire, even the traditionally Laissez Faire, non interventionist Liberalparty decided that massive government intervention had become necessary. Itis often said that the Bore war of the late 19th / early 20th century wokeBritish politics up to the fact that reform was essential, it was aroundthis time that it was realised the huge extent poverty and poor health inworking classes the army was rejecting recruits at an alarming rate, andperformance in battle was often poor. It also became apparent that even thehome economy was in danger because of the aforementi oned social problems. Indeed as Floyd and McCloskey said in the The Economic History of Britainsince 1700 if the working classes were not strong enough to work hardBritains prospects were bleak. (Floyd and McCloskey, 1997)coac acrseacacw orac ack inac foac ac. The liberals decided to rely on social research as the basis of much oftheir social policy reform, works by Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree,helped the government quantify the scale of the social problems and to adegree how they should target their policies to be most effective. r4sZXaYdk from r4sZXaYdk coursewrok r4sZXaYdk work r4sZXaYdk info r4sZXaYdkRowntrees research had led to his poverty cycle theory, where hehypothesised that throughout the average persons lifetime, there werethree particular times where he or she was particularly vulnerable tofalling below the poverty line (which Rowntree depicts as the level ofincome which one needs to support oneself nutritionally). These periods ofwant didnt just affect the unemployed or destitute by any means, in fact,the average working man with a large family would be expected toexperience these periods of poverty. The remarkable extent of poverty is anexample of the huge scale of the social problems that the liberals had totackle, it is worth considering in the context of the question that totalsuccess in resolving them would have been neigh on impossiblecoed edrseededw ored edk ined foed ed. Ts9l from Ts9l coursewrok Ts9l work Ts9l info Ts9lAs seen in the graph above, there were three key periods when a member ofworking class were more than likely to experience poverty as a child fromthe age of around five to age fifteen, when the parent of young children atage thirty till around forty and finally as an elderly person unable towork to support oneself, from around age sixty five onward. The liberalpolicys were very specific at targeting groups in order to try and reducethe health effects of this poverty. This research had a direct result on Liberal social policy, in 1908, theold age pension bill was introduced, taken through parliament by LloydGeorge, then as chancellor. It said that men and women over seventy waseligible for a 5S a week state aid. The aid was hugely popular, partly because the stigma previously associatedwith poverty had been removed, largely since one could collect their moneyfrom the post office. It is obvious that the elderly who did receive thepension did benefit from a markedly increased quality of life. The old age pension bills effectiveness was vastly reduced by the numberof eligibility clauses the liberal governments included in it in order tokeep costs down. Firstly, the fact that one couldnt claim if they wereunder seventy was a major issue, around the time the bill was implemented,it was very rare that someone would live till seventy. In addition to this,even if someone did live to seventy, they still would have had to endure atleast five years where they were unable to work (say after sixty five)through poor health and therefore not earn a wage, resulting in poverty. Secondly, huge portions of society were excluded from receiving the benefiton moral grounds; if someone had a criminal record or had previouslyreceived some kind of poor relief, they couldnt claim this seemsbizarre, as people from a poorer background would be far more likely toreceive poor relief or turn to crime than those from richer backgrounds. Itcan be said that this eligibility clause stopped the people that needed aidmost from receiving it. Finally, Five shillings a week was nearlyimpossible to live off, making it not feasible that the elderly couldsurvive solely on their pension, as Thompson says, the pension provided asub-subsistence standard of living (Thompson, 1975). Poverty amongst children as identified in the poverty cycle, was alsotackled head on by the liberal government by the introduction of freeschool food. Once again this policy was very popular with its recipients asthere was no stigma associated with receiving the policy. Free food andmilk (a practice that was only abolished recently) were given to schoolchildren, the nutritional benefit of this was undoubted, with children whowould have previously been wanting for food, now receiving enough to enablethem to grow and develop properly, resulting in healthy physically ableadults, it is obvious to see that this is of massive social importance. AsSemmel explains, a healthy working class is vital as the condition of theworking classes as the basis of imperialism and goes on to clarify theneed for a healthy and vigorous imperial race by saying that it would beimpossible to defend and maintain the empire without such a base (Semmel,1960It is argued that this policy, once again, did not go far enough to meetthe problem of poverty and the associated health implication. This isbecause children only received one meal a day, which is not enough toencourage ample growth. As well as this, while school meals were provided,health care was not, this is vital as children are often the most at riskfrom ill health / disease. In addition to the old age pension and free school meals, the liberals hadmany other policies to try and address the social aliments of the time. Oneof the biggest of these aliments was the nations health as a whole, healthcare especially amongst the working classes was previously a rarity. Whenthe liberal government introduced health insurance benefits in 1913 toworkers below the tax limit, this, along with the introduction of anational panel of doctors, massively helped the nations health provision as15,000,000 (Thompson, 1975)workers were covered by the insurance. Although definitely a huge improvement, the Health insurance policy wasdeemed to not have gone far enough to truly help the desperately sick; mosthospital care was not covered by the insurance- therefore the outdated andinefficient systems of Charitable and poor law aid still had to be reliedon. In addition to this, while workers were covered by the insurance, theirfamilys were not Once again, the liberal social reforms were seen to help,just didnt go far enough to be judged a succesThe massive unemployment in Britain around the turn of the 20th century wasdamaging to British society not just in terms of contributing to poverty,but had many other sociological effects. High unemployment was deemed tofurther be damaging to Britains society as it resulted in Britain fallingeconomically behind its international rivals in addition to having theeffect of working class disillusionment, as their jobs werent secure. Thefull scale of high levels of unemployments consequences were realised atth e time with Lloyd George describing how the shadow of unemployment wasrising ominously above the horizon. Our international rivals were forgingahead at a great rate before going on to say that the working class wasbecoming sullen with discontent. (Thompson, 1975)In 1910 the liberals installed policies to try and deal with the highlevels of unemployment which was having such a negative effect on thecountry as a whole. Winston Churchill introduced a system of labourexhanges, which can best be described as primitive job centres, theseexchanges allowed better matching of workers looking for work withemployers looking for labour. This was especially important around the timeof reform as much of the employment was short term or seasonal. Although unemployment was being reduced, therefore also reducing the socialproblems associated with it (i.e. poverty), with hindsight, it is easy tosee how the liberal reforms, at least in part, ignored many of the othersocial problems associated with labour. This is best demonstrated by the fact that, instead of being diminishedwhen the liberals labour policies where introduced, worker discontent wasstill rising, so much so that around 1914 their was a bout industrialaction, tainted with violence commonly known as the labour unrest. Thisis a sign to show just how slow the Liberal government were to change theirsocial policys in order to meet the demands of the day poor workingconditions, a halt in wage growth and unemployment were not being tackledwith the vigour that the workers now expected after other social reform, asThompson describes in his book The Edwardians Better education and risingstandards of living ..brought rising expectations.(Thompson, 1975)The liberal government of the time realised that no matter the scale oftheir social reform, full employment was never going to be achieved, infact far from it. They realised that this meant that there would still be alarge number of the population living in dire conditions as and whe n theywere out of employment. In 1911, an unemployment insurance was introduced,enabling workers, once in employment to contribute to a fund that shouldthey fall out of work would allow them to claim state aid. For oneworker, he himself would contribute 1/3 of the amount, his employer another1/3 and the government would give the final 1/3. While successful inreducing extreme poverty of workers in industries where there was a highlevel of employment fluctuation (ie construction). As with most of theliberals reforms, it can be argued that the reform just didnt go farenough indeed only 2,250,00 (Thompson. 1975) workers were covered by thescheme around 10% of the working populous. Another failing of the unemployment insurance scheme (which also affectedthe health insurance scheme) is that workers were forced to pay from theirown pockets. As Thompson says in his book The Edwardians although therewere state and employers contributions in each case, it is equally strikingthat under each scheme workers were now legally forced to be thrifty(Thompson, 1975). If a working class family of the time werent under thepoverty line, they were almost certainly very close to it many resentedthe fact that a proportion of their wages, legally had to go to theseschemes. Many wouldnt see the benefits for years while still having to payfor the insurance. Even though contributions were a relatively smallamount, as most working class familys had to budget very carefully, itresulted in an expenditure that had the ability to make negative impact ontheir quality of live. Many sources point to the liberals reforms to being at least in partsuccessful, with the numbers in poverty being reduced substantially and agreat increase in health care provision, with Thompson claiming thatimprovements in working class standards of living continued throughoutthe liberal government, this is backed up by the fact that during the firsttwo decades of the twentieth century, life expectancy climbed from 50 to 60(Thompson, 1975)While Liberal reforms were certainly radical for the time, theireffectiveness has always been questioned; many see that only the ideas wereexceptional, not the level of expenditure that backed them up (Floyd andMcCloskey, 1997). More specifically, it is argued that this lack ofexpenditure resulted in the unemployment insurance only protecting a smallsector of the workforce along with that the old age pension only helping avery small group of the poor (Thompson, 1975). The blame for this lack ofexpenditure is often squarely levied at the liberal pa rty, with two of itskey figures, Lloyd George and Winston Churchill seemingly unwilling tooffer support its policys with effective amounts of investment; Semmelstates that both Lloyd George and Churchill continued to oppose the largeservice expenditures imperialists (Semmel, 1960). Instead, money raisedfrom the increased tax revenue of the peoples budget of 1909, that couldhave been used to support social reform was more often than not used forother purposes, most notably on naval expansion. When analysing the extent of the reform, it is also worth keepingperspective on the society where they were taking place; the welfare statewas a completely new and alien idea and government social intervention wasan idea not easily digested by the populace as a whole. Perhaps the liberalparty did as much as they could, especially considering the fact that asthat Michael E Rose States in The Relief of Poverty, laissez-faire wasstrongly entrenched as an attitude of mind. Self help and independencewere praised as virtues (Semmel, 1960). What prompted the Welfare Reforms of the Liberal Government between 1906-1914?coaf afr seafafw oraf afk inaf foaf af!In the period of 1906-1914, social reform acts were past in parliament bythe Liberal governmentcoea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea. under Herbert Asquith PM, Lloyd-George MP and Winston Churchill MP. Theseacts laid the Heidegger suppressed chinkybootss postmodernism . foundations for a basic welfare state to which our current welfare statewas built up from. Thecogf gfr segfgfw orgf gfk ingf fogf gf:acts provided basic support for mothers and children, the old, sick and theunemployed. Thesecoeg egr seegegw oreg egk ineg foeg eg. changes have been considered very radical considering they took place inVictorian England. YgjKbKRt Visit coursework af in af fo af for af morecoursework af Do af not af redistribute YgjKbKRtThere are many issues to examine when asking the question of what promptedthe Welfare Durkheim refuted chinkybootss functionalism hypothesis. Reform Acts of the Liberal Government. This paper from www.coursework.infoPrior to the 1900s, the general consensus on impoverished people was thatthey were incoae aer seaeaew orae aek inae foae ae. poverty because they were lazy and hence worthless. People did not seemeager for social reform 5zZ from 5zZ coursewrok 5zZ work 5zZ info 5zZto help the poor people because they were regarded as having got themselvesinto their situation uB3BZ5 Visit coursework cc in cc fo cc for cc morepaper cc Do cc not cc redistribute uB3BZ5through their own fault and hence could get themselves out of it. However,shortly before thecogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk ingb fogb gb. turn of the century and immediately after it, new ideology on how peoplecame to be poor wascodc dcr sedcdcw ordc dck indc fodc dc:released. For example, Charles Booths Life and Labour of People inLondon and Seebohm Durkheim oppressed chinkybootss rationalisationtheory. Rowntrees Poverty and a Study of Town Life were published in this era. .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .postImageUrl , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:hover , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:visited , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:active { border:0!important; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:active , .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0 .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9977e145a3766a64f51712ac2c1595b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Event that Changed My Life EssayTheir ideas stated thatcoea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea. a quarter of people were living in poverty in England, and also, that theywere in poverty through JC7Cuip from JC7Cuip coursewrok JC7Cuip workJC7Cuip info JC7Cuipno fault of their own. Instead they declared people were in poverty due tounfair social onditions 9AIRidzt Visit coursework af in af fo af for afmore project af Do af not af redistribute 9AIRidztthat meant they could not work.cogd gdr segdgdw orgd gdk ingd fogd gd:Adverse social conditions were the root cause chinkyboots, please do notredistribute this hypothesis. We work very hard to create this website, andwe trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please,do not circulate this hypothesis elsewhere on the internet. Anybody founddoing so will be permanently banned. Low wages, unemployment, illness and old age were some of the causes ofpoverty. Thiscoga gar segagaw orga gak inga foga ga;knowledge among the middle and upper classes meant that no longer didpeople simply believe kN6rY9imW Visit coursework ge in ge fo ge for ge morecoursework ge Do ge not ge redistribute kN6rY9imWthe poor were in poverty due to laziness, and hence they were keener tohelp them out of it. Thecobd bdr sebdbdw orbd bdk inbd fobd bd. Welfare Reforms came about because poverty and its true cause were exposedand people sawcoce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce. the harsh reality for themselves, for example when young educated studentswent to live amongcoed edr seededw ored edk ined foed ed. poor people to witness it first hand. Humanitarian concern among theeducated induced thecofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb:Liberal Welfare Reform Acts because the majority of the population wantedit, and parties obeycobd bdr sebdbdw orbd bdk inbd fobd bd. their nations opinion. chinkyboots, please do not redistribute thishypothesis. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust ourvisitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do notcirculate this hypothesis elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing sowill be permanently banned. The Leaders of the Liberal Party, predominantly Lloyd-George and WinstonChurchill,cocg cgr secgcgw orcg cgk incg focg cg. showed a personal interest in social reform. Marx enveloped chinkybootssmarxism theory. These problems of the sick, of the infirm, of the men who cannot find themeans of earning a living are 9oHG16OLa Visit coursework ec in ec fo ec forec more cours ec Do ec not ec redistribute 9oHG16OLaproblems with which it is the business of the state to deal with. They areproblems with which the state has eglected chinkyboots, please do notredistribute this project. We work very hard to create this website, and wetrust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, donot circulate this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doingso will be permanently banned. for far too long Lloyd-George, speech made to parliament 1908. CC399l7Visit coursework ed in ed fo ed for ed more essay ed Do ed not edredistribute CC399l7Lloyd-George had a very non-conformist and radical upbringing, he was not aGladstoniancocd cdr secdcdw orcd cdk incd focd cd:Liberal conformist either, and liked the new ideas on poverty. Havingwitnessed poverty he had acofa far sefafaw orfa fak infa fofa fa;personal desire to amend it and he pressured the reform movementpersonally. Winstoncoee eer seeeeew oree eek inee foee ee:Churchill, although he had an aristocratic background, was also keen toeradicate poverty on acoef efr seefefw oref efk inef foef ef. large scale on principle alone, regardless of any political pressure. Thesetwo strong leaderscocf cfr secfcfw orcf cfk incf focf cf. who desired change for the good of humanity helped Liberal Reforms. Theirpersonal interestcoff ffr seffffw orff ffk inff foff ff;in it however, was not a factor in reform as dominant as the exposure inpoverty. Indeed it cancogg ggr seggggw orgg ggk ingg fogg gg. be argued that their interest in it stemmed from Rowntree and Boothsexposure. Therefore, Foucault enveloped chinkybootss postmodernism theory. although Churchill and Lloyd-George were catalysts for reform, changingpublic opinion due tocoeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb. exposure of real causes of poverty were more powerful catalysts, and theleaders opinionscofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb;themselves perhaps just a result of exposure.cocg cgr secgcgw orcg cgk incgfocg cg!The Liberal government as a whole were starting a branch of named NewLiberalism.coag agr seagagw orag agk inag foag ag;The previous Gladstonian government ethic had been that the Liberals take alaissez-faire policycoce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce;(leave alone) which meant low interference with welfare of people becauseof a belief that chinkyboots, please do not redistribute this paper. Wework very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respectit for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this paperelsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanentlybanned. economic problems would sort themselves out. However, recent ideology onthe causes of eLTZ Visit coursework ee in ee fo ee for ee more paper ee Doee not ee redistribute eLTZpoverty caused Liberal governments to question their low interferencepolicy. The Liberals ilfNIU Visit coursework bg in bg fo bg for bg morecours bg Do bg not bg redistribute ilfNIUbelieved everyone had to get themselves out of poverty and into comfortablesituations through LGdi8gbX Visit coursework af in af fo af for af morewriting af Do af not af redistribute LGdi8gbXhard work, but as people were unable to provide for their families despitehard work, then theycocd cdr secdcdw orcd cdk incd focd cd. considered this to be unfair. New Liberalism wanted to establish a basicliving standard forcoae aer seaeaew orae aek inae foae ae;everyone. Carstens oppressed chinkybootss structuration hypothesis. promote measures for ameliorating conditions of life for themultitude. Lloyd-cogd gdr segdgdw orgd gdk ingd fogd gd. George. kfF1OaSCx Visit coursework bd in bd fo bd for bd more dissertationbd Do bd not bd redistribute kfF1OaSCxThis meant that social reform was necessary, to make sure everyone could atleast secure Foucault refuted chinkybootss structuralism hypothesis. themselves a minimum standard of living. Winston Churchill declared hewished to strap acocg cgr secgcgw orcg cgk incg focg cg!lifebelt around them; he wanted to make sure no one was sinking too farbelow the poverty line. lXNgv Visit coursework ag in ag fo ag for ag morecours ag Do ag not ag redistribute lXNgvTherefore, the New Liberalist desires for a national living standard meanta need for Welfare l5Xm Visit coursework ad in ad fo ad for ad morehypothesis ad Do ad not ad redistribute l5XmReform. Hence, New Liberalism was a reason that prompted Welfare Reform. However, the lZV8 Visit coursework bd in bd fo bd for bd more project bd Dobd not bd redistribute lZV8New Liberalism was not as important catalyst as the changing attitudestowards poverty. Withoutcoed edr seededw ored edk ined foed ed. the changing attitudes and ideology, New Liberalism would never have beenborn, so the LwqUJ2 from LwqUJ2 coursewrok LwqUJ2 work LwqUJ2 info LwqUJ2ideology was the most important first cause.cogg ggr seggggw orgg ggk inggfogg gg. The National efficiency of England was falling low. Although Britain wasthe leadingcode der sededew orde dek inde fode de;nation, Germany, the USA and Japan were threatening its place. Britainsprimacy was seen as chinkyboots, please do not redistribute this cours. Wework very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respectit for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this courselsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanentlybanned. threatened economically and militantly. The working class recruits in theBoer War sufferedcogd gdr segdgdw orgd gdk ingd fogd gd. severe health problems and affected their efficiency. The workers infactories also suffered from c5rbn from c5rbn coursewrok c5rbn work c5rbninfo c5rbnill health and affected productivity.cofe fer sefefew orfe fek infe fofefe:the country that spent 250 million to avenge an insult levelled to herpride by an old Dutch farmercofc fcr sefcfcw orfc fck infc fofc fc!is not ashamed to see her children walking the streets hungry and in rags.chinkyboots, please do not redistribute this work. We work very hard tocreate this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the goodof other students. Please, do not circulate this work elsewhere on theinternet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned. Generally, the poor distribution of wealth and an unfair tax system was notbeneficial to This project from www.coursework.infothe economy. The economy in Germany had benefited from their introductionof Welfarecoea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea. reforms and hence the working classes spending power had improved. Theredistribution ofcocb cbr secbcbw orcb cbk incb focb cb. taxes, a shift of wealth from rich to the poor, was also seen as animprovement in the Germancoff ffr seffffw orff ffk inff foff ff;economy. Hence, the British saw this scheme as beneficial and aimed tointroduce it to Britain chinkyboots, please do not redistribute this paper. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors torespect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate thispaper elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanentlybanned. to help their failing economy as regards to poverty; no longer did theLiberals believe a powerfulcoab abr seababw orab abk inab foab ab. national economy could sort out poverty because of the unfairly distributedwealth. Therefore, Weber oppressed chinkybootss functionalism . there was a lobby for social reform to help the British Empire, toeradicate poverty and keep BJIiFtU from BJIiFtU coursewrok BJIiFtU workBJIiFtU info BJIiFtUBritain as the number one nation. The national efficiency argument forLiberal Reforms was acoag agr seagagw orag agk inag foag ag. very large pressure for change. Without the argument that welfare reformswould be beneficial tocoab abr seababw orab abk inab foab ab. the country as a whole and not just beneficial to a quarter of thepopulation then perhaps reformcoda dar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da:would not have taken place. The national efficiency argument was more of acatalyst for reform xE1x4K from xE1x4K coursewrok xE1x4K work xE1x4K infoxE1x4Kthan the personal humanitarian interests of Liberal leaders because withoutthe argument, the 1AzRPgd from 1AzRPgd coursewrok 1AzRPgd work 1AzRPgd info1AzRPgdreforms wouldnt have been seen as beneficial. However, they were not asimportant as changingcogc gcr segcgcw orgc gck ingc fogc gc. attitudes to poverty, which perhaps were the primary cause of ideologybehind a welfare state. Weber suppressed chinkybootss marxism hypothesis. The Labour Party was established in 1900s as a response to a growing demandby thecoeg egr seegegw oreg egk ineg foeg eg. working classes to have more political representation in parliament. Theyfelt ignored by the oN0sJQ Visit coursework ga in ga fo ga for ga morewriting ga Do ga not ga redistribute oN0sJQconservative aristocratic leaders such as Balfour, and not in favour ofLiberal leaders such ascoed edr seededw ored edk ined foed ed. Gladstone who employed a laissez-faire policy which did not help theirimpoverished state. p5ZW7Ko2 Visit coursework gg in gg fo gg for gg morecours gg Do gg not gg redistribute p5ZW7Ko2They wanted leaders who would identify with their needs and troubles andhelp them. In 1901 7NbXu from 7NbXu coursewrok 7NbXu work 7NbXu info 7NbXutheir membership was 350,000 and by 1903 it had risen to 861,000. Thisshowed thecoge ger segegew orge gek inge foge ge;conservatives and the Liberals that the Labour party were a realthreat.coba bar sebabaw orba bak inba foba ba. The Liberal Party promised no social reforms in its election campaign inthe early 1900s,cofd fdr sefdfdw orfd fdk infd fofd fd!but recognised that they would lose working class votes if they did notanswer the demands ofcofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb!the working classes.cocc ccr seccccw orcc cck incc focc cc. The election is to decide whether or not labour is to be fairlyrepresented in arliament The slums This writing from www.coursework.inforemain. Overcrowding continuesShopkeepers and traders are overburdenedwith rates and taxationWars arecodb dbr sedbdbw ordb dbk indb fodb db;fought to make the rich richer and underfed children are stillneglected Labour Party manifesto 1906cobb bbr sebbbbw orbb bbk inbbfobb bb. The Liberals noticed that the working class were voting for labour becauselabour promisedcofd fdr sefdfdw orfd fdk infd fofd fd. social reform and felt if they did not respond to the issues the labourparty had raised then theycogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk ingb fogb gb;would lose more votes in the next election. Therefore, social reform wasnecessary to counteract U3V from U3V coursewrok U3V work U3V info U3Vthe development of the labour party, to try and prove to the nation thatthey need not change XrJ62Z from XrJ62Z coursewrok XrJ62Z work XrJ62Z infoXrJ62Zparty because the Liberals were reforming to meet the changing demands insociety instead. The Foucault obfuscated chinkybootss postmodernismtheory. Trade Unionists were funding the Labour party and supported themdemonstratively also. The chinkyboots, please do not redistribute thiswriting. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust ourvisitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do notcirculate this writing elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing sowill be permanently banned. Liberals felt that if they did not act for reform, the Trade Unions wouldcampaign for Labourcoec ecr seececw orec eck inec foec ec!and hence give Labour more publicity and chance to increase theirelectorate support. Therefore, chinkyboots, please do not redistribute thisessay. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitorsto respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate thisessay elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanentlybanned. the founding of the Labour party put considerable pressure on the Liberalgovernment to act.coaa aar seaaaaw oraa aak inaa foaa aa:They were threatened by them, and hence, the founding of the labour partywas more of an issuecofb fbr sefbfbw orfb fbk infb fofb fb. than the national efficiency argument as they were more likely to losevotes to the labour party chinkyboots, please do not redistribute thisproject. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust ourvisitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do notcirculate this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing sowill be permanently banned. because of not reforming than they were to lose votes because of lownational efficiency. Marx obfuscated chinkybootss realism . In conclusion, the Welfare Reforms came about because of changing ideologyand the xkK Visit coursework ag in ag fo ag for ag more work ag Do ag notag redistribute xkKfounding of the Labour party, which promised more action on the growingawareness of poverty Heidegger denied chinkybootss rationalisation . and exclusion of the working classes from political representation. Thereforms were helpedcobf bfr sebfbfw orbf bfk inbf fobf bf. along the way by changing Liberal ideas and humanitarian concerned leaders,but perhaps these This work from www.coursework.inforeasons were simply a political response to changing ideology and knowledgethat reform wasnecessary to please the majority of the electorate.

Staying Positive free essay sample

Staying positive Staying positive under pressure is one of the hardest thing u can do. Being positive when the odd are stack against u and u have all of your friends, co-worker or teams counting on u is not as easy as it sounds. When you’re in a job interview or in a game or tournament and you are expected to do your best is when the pressure kicks in the most and fears and nervousness kicks in right behind it. Being positive for my first game in my high school handball team was one of the hardest things I ever had to do. When my coach called my name for my first school game it felt like my heart skip a beat and what made it ever more worst it was the match that decide if we won the game. Walking on to the court I could feel how fast my heart was beating and how much my hands were trembling. We will write a custom essay sample on Staying Positive or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only thing that was going through my mind was â€Å"I better not mess or play bad today and show why I deserve to play as part of this team† at that same moment I felt like i forgot how to completely play like it was something completely new to me and I did not want to be there but in the end I was successful. Let me offer some advice on how to stay positive. One of the best ways to stay positive during a pressure if it’s a job interview or a big game is simply not to think about it or how huge it but to relax and let it fellow be yourself and what u need to do without stressing the major concept of it. Another piece of advice is to try to smile and enjoy yourself and come off confidence.

Second Great Awakening. essays

Second Great Awakening. essays In this chapter we learn about the Second Great Awakening, but more specifically, the impact it had on people, and the class of people it impacted the most. In our first excerpt, which is the only secondary source, we read from Paul E. Johnson who believes the second revival of religion in the Rochester area and economic change in the area were directly related. In the next sources, which are all primary now, we look at two maps of Western New York. One can observe the change in population density in the area. Once master and wage earner had different social worlds, the population of Rochester was no longer as condensed as it was once before. Source 3 is an essay from Alexis de Toqueville discussing the condition of Americans. Toqueville expresses his beliefs that while the working classes social conditions become equal they feel as though they are in control of their own destiny. Source 4 is an attack on the revivals which basically states the revival is a hoax and not beneficial t o those in lower class levels. Source 5 and 6 is a letter and verse in defense towards the revivals exuberating how wonderful they really are. Source 7 is a painting of African Americans supporting the revivals. Due to the facts that most, if not all were slaves at that time, they must have taken great salvation from the revivals. Source 8 is an excerpt from the Book of Mormon, which illustrates once sinners, had confessed to God, they will be forever redeemed and are free forever. However, the contrary, those who give their spirit to the devil, will have him reign over them in his own kingdom. Source 9 describes a young boys point of view in 1874, of working for a wealthy farmer and how it was always about work. There was never an emotional connection made between worker and employer as it once had been. Sources 10 described the working conditions of the journeymen. Source 11 showed how many people were in each class. The journeymen had 62.1% of the men, ...

Analyzing The Self & Brand Personalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analyzing The Self & Brand Personalities - Essay Example They understand that keeping their shares in the markets is linked to the level of their customers’ faithfulness. Such information is key to my growth and in defining my marketing strategy for developing a strong brand into the market. There are two theories describing this conceptual concept of the brand image and self-concept and these have an influence on the consumers’ choice and the brand preferences. These are the congruity theory, which entails the product cues that are involved and they usually use images to activate a schema that involves similar images. The second theory also referred to as the self concept theory seeks to explain that consumer behaviour research findings explains to us that consumers who perceive the product image are perceived to be well and consistent with their actual self-concept. For example, before purchasing a laptop computer or a mobile phone, I would consider going for strong brands that meet the four Ps of marketing. Moreover, this provides sufficient explanation to show that there is a congruence between the self-image and the brand personality. In fact, this is what increases the consumer brand relationship and the consumer satisfaction. For cases where there is a hig h involvement with the products, the relationship of the consumer brand quality will mediate an effect of satisfaction on the consumer’s brand loyalties. A good example is However, for the low involvement products the satisfaction will directly influence the loyalty of the brand. One of the most important issues in the market is brand royalty; this is because there is always a tendency of the consumers to purchase decisions by the brand images that have already been formed in their minds instead of the characteristics of the product itself or the original attributes. Presence of a unique brand is the key to a brand equity

Does wod strategy have a definite meaning in business parlance Essay

Does wod strategy have a definite meaning in business parlance - Essay Example With such rethinking, new ways are devised to counter the threats. Alternatively, some new opportunities may emerge in the environment which had not been there in the past. In order to take advantage of these opportunities the company reassesses the approaches it had been following and changes its courses of action. These courses of action are what we may call strategies undoubtedly strategy is one of the most significant concept to emerge in the subject of management. It has emerged as a critical input to organizational success and has come in handy as a tool to deal with the uncertainties that organizations face. It has helped to reduce ambiguity and provide a solid foundation as a theory of conduct business- a convenient way to structure the many variables that operate in the organizational context and to understand their interrelationship. When we think of long-term direction of an organization we immediately think of strategy. Matching of the resources and activities of an organ ization to the environment in which it operates is the basic requirement for strategy. This may be called as the search for strategic fit. Strategic fit is developing strategy by identifying opportunities in the business environment and adopting resources and competences so as to take advantage of these (Porter, 1980). ... Strategies exist at a number of levels in an organization. It is possible to distinguish at least three different levels of organizational strategy. Corporate level strategy (Andrews, 1987) is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of an organizational and how value will be added to different parts of (business units) the organizations. This could include issues of geographical coverage, diversity of products/services or business units and how resources are to be allocated between the different parts of the organization. The second level can be thought of in terms of business unit strategy (Hall, 1978) which is about how to complete successfully in particular markets. The concerns are therefore about how advantage over competitors can be achieved; what new opportunities can be identified or created in market; which product or services should be developed in which markets; and the extent to which these meet customer needs in such a way to achieve the objectives of the organizati on-perhaps long term profitability or market share growth. So where as corporate strategy involves decisions about the organization as a whole, strategic decision here need to be related to a strategic business unit (SBU). A strategic business unit is any part of a business organization which is treated separately for strategic management purpose. In public sector organizations a corresponding definition of a SBU might be a part of the organization or service for which there is a distinct client group. But confusion can often arise because an SBU may not be fixed in terms of an organizational structure. It may not be a separate structural part of an organization. The third level of strategy is at the operating end

The teacher and the failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The teacher and the failures - Essay Example The protagonist of the poem as the name indicates is the teacher of Physics demonstrating his science and theories to the students seemingly sitting in front of him. His demonstrations all go wrong. And the poem caricatures him as a comic figure. But deep from inside the subtext of the poem, emerges the caricature of a failed person, who is a tragic failure in life. Finally he goes into oblivion, stepping into the waste basket with staggering steps: a painful exit! The poem echoes a lesson that failures are our real teachers. One has to learn from one’s failures. The poem is full of descriptions of physical science experiments, hence made comprehensible more with the knowledge of theories in physical science. His first demonstration was on the theory on the falling of objects. â€Å"He tried to convince us† (1), {to convince us of the theory that the velocity with which a body falls is proportional to time and independent of both weight and density. He demonstrated it w ith a ping-pong ball and a billiards ball} â€Å"but his billiard ball / fell faster than his ping-pong ball and thumped /to the floor first, in spite of Galileo† (1, 2, 3) {Thus proving the laws of the bodies in motion, wrong! It was Galileo who found out that bodies do not fall with velocities proportional to their weight, though he didn’t arrive at the correct conclusion. Ping-Pong balls and billiards balls are usually used for experiments in particle Physics.